Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Father Of The Nation shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Father Of The Nation offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Father Of The Nation at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Father Of The Nation? Wrong! If the Father Of The Nation is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Father Of The Nation then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Father Of The Nation? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Father Of The Nation and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Father Of The Nation wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Father Of The Nation then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Father Of The Nation site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Father Of The Nation, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Father Of The Nation, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Pater Patriae (plural
Patres Patriae), also seen as
Parens Patriae, is a
Latin language honorific meaning "Father of the
Fatherland."
Roman history
Like all official titles of the
Roman Republic and
Principate, the honor of being called
pater patriae was conferred by the Roman Senate.
was first awarded to the great orator and senatorial statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero for his part in the suppression of the Catiline during his
consulate in 63 BC.
It was next awarded to Julius Caesar, who as
Roman dictator for life was sole master of the Roman (now 'crowned' all but in name) republic and its imperium.
The Senate voted the title to Caesar Augustus in 2 BC, but being neither important for the ruler's legitimacy nor for his legal powers, it did not become a regular part of the imperial honors, contrary to
imperator,
Caesar (title), augustus, princeps senatus, pontifex maximus and
tribune. According to the historian Suetonius, Augustus' successor, Tiberius, was offered this title, but refused it.http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Tiberius*.html#26
The Senate eventually conferred the title on many
Roman emperors, often only after many years of rule, or if the new emperor was particularly esteemed by the senators, as in the case of
Nerva. As a result, many of the short-lived Emperors never received the title.
The honor was subject to the approval of the honoree, who could decline it. Suetonius notes in his work
The Twelve Caesars that
Nero did so when first offered the honor during the first year of his reign, on account of his youth. It was traditional for the honoree, in a proper sign of humility, to defer the honor for some time once conferred. Hadrian deferred for eleven years, for example.Birley, Anthony. "Marcus Aurelius: A Biography." Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 1987, p. 57
Chronological list of Roman
Patres Patriae
Note that with the exceptions of Cicero and Julius Caesar, the following are all considered Roman emperors.
- Cicero, 63 BC (due to his role in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy)
- Julius Caesar, 45 BC (who restored the Pax Romana in the 40s BC after the civil wars)
- Caesar Augustus, February 5, 2 BC
- Caligula, 37
- Claudius, January, 42
- Nero, 55
- Vespasianus, 70
- Titus, June, 79
- Domitianus, September 14, 81
- Nerva, September, 96
- Trajanus, 98
- Hadrianus, 128
- Antoninus Pius, 139
- Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, 166
- Commodus, 177
- Septimius Severus, 193
- "Caracalla", 199
- Macrinus, June, 217
- "Elagabalus", July, 218
- Gordian III, May, 238
- Probus, July, 276
- Diocletianus, November 20284
- Maximianus, April 1, 286
- Constantine I of the Roman Empire, 307
Modern Fathers of their Fatherlands
In the case of imitation of this Roman title after Antiquity, either the original Latin term, a translation in the appropriate language or both can be used.
The analogous modern phrase "Father of the Nation" implies less of a great contribution to the
preservation and integrity of a state rather than a great role in the
founding of a state.
The following is a list of "Fathers of their Fatherlands" or "Fathers of the Nation" after the classical era:
- The Genoa admiral Andrea Doria, insigned of the title by Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain
- The Florence Renaissance ruler Cosimo de' Medici was granted the title.
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah, officially Baba-e-Qaum literally meaning Father of the Nation as recognised by the Pakistan Government.
- Mohammed Zahir Shah is considered as the Father of the Nation in Afghanistan
- Mohandas Gandhi is recognized as the Father of the Nation by the Indian government.
- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is considered Father of the Nation in Bangladesh for his leadership of the countries Bangladesh liberation war.
- Mustafa Kemal is given Atatürk surname by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as a recognization of his being the Father of the Nation.
- Peter I of Russia was granted the title of Father of the Fatherland (Отец Отечества) in 1721 by the Senate of Russian Empire, together with the title of emperor.
- Sun Yat-sen is officially the "Father of the Nation" (Chinese language: 國父) in the Republic of China; in mainland China he is officially referred to as "Father of Modern China", but also commonly "Father of the Nation".
- Willem van Oranje is considered as the Father of the Nation in The Netherlands.
- Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor is considered as the Father of the Fatherland (Otec vlasti) as one of the most eminent rulers in the Czech Republic history.
- Josip Broz Tito was considered by the Yugoslav people as the Father of the Nation in Yugoslavia.
- Rembrandt Peale's portrait of George Washington, which is displayed in the Old Senate Chamber in the US Capitol, identifies Washington as "Patriae Pater."
See also
Pater Patriae (plural
Patres Patriae), also seen as
Parens Patriae, is a Latin language
honorific meaning "
Father of the
Fatherland."
Roman history
Like all official titles of the
Roman Republic and Principate, the honor of being called
pater patriae was conferred by the
Roman Senate.
was first awarded to the great orator and senatorial statesman
Marcus Tullius Cicero for his part in the suppression of the Catiline during his consulate in 63 BC.
It was next awarded to Julius Caesar, who as Roman dictator for life was sole master of the Roman (now 'crowned' all but in name) republic and its imperium.
The Senate voted the title to Caesar Augustus in 2 BC, but being neither important for the ruler's legitimacy nor for his legal powers, it did not become a regular part of the imperial honors, contrary to
imperator, Caesar (title),
augustus, princeps senatus, pontifex maximus and
tribune. According to the historian Suetonius, Augustus' successor, Tiberius, was offered this title, but refused it.http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Tiberius*.html#26
The Senate eventually conferred the title on many Roman emperors, often only after many years of rule, or if the new emperor was particularly esteemed by the senators, as in the case of Nerva. As a result, many of the short-lived Emperors never received the title.
The honor was subject to the approval of the honoree, who could decline it. Suetonius notes in his work
The Twelve Caesars that Nero did so when first offered the honor during the first year of his reign, on account of his youth. It was traditional for the honoree, in a proper sign of humility, to defer the honor for some time once conferred. Hadrian deferred for eleven years, for example.Birley, Anthony. "Marcus Aurelius: A Biography." Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 1987, p. 57
Chronological list of Roman
Patres Patriae
Note that with the exceptions of Cicero and Julius Caesar, the following are all considered Roman emperors.
- Cicero, 63 BC (due to his role in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy)
- Julius Caesar, 45 BC (who restored the Pax Romana in the 40s BC after the civil wars)
- Caesar Augustus, February 5, 2 BC
- Caligula, 37
- Claudius, January, 42
- Nero, 55
- Vespasianus, 70
- Titus, June, 79
- Domitianus, September 14, 81
- Nerva, September, 96
- Trajanus, 98
- Hadrianus, 128
- Antoninus Pius, 139
- Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, 166
- Commodus, 177
- Septimius Severus, 193
- "Caracalla", 199
- Macrinus, June, 217
- "Elagabalus", July, 218
- Gordian III, May, 238
- Probus, July, 276
- Diocletianus, November 20284
- Maximianus, April 1, 286
- Constantine I of the Roman Empire, 307
Modern Fathers of their Fatherlands
In the case of imitation of this Roman title after Antiquity, either the original Latin term, a translation in the appropriate language or both can be used.
The analogous modern phrase "Father of the Nation" implies less of a great contribution to the
preservation and integrity of a state rather than a great role in the
founding of a state.
The following is a list of "Fathers of their Fatherlands" or "Fathers of the Nation" after the classical era:
- The Genoa admiral Andrea Doria, insigned of the title by Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain
- The Florence Renaissance ruler Cosimo de' Medici was granted the title.
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah, officially Baba-e-Qaum literally meaning Father of the Nation as recognised by the Pakistan Government.
- Mohammed Zahir Shah is considered as the Father of the Nation in Afghanistan
- Mohandas Gandhi is recognized as the Father of the Nation by the Indian government.
- Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is considered Father of the Nation in Bangladesh for his leadership of the countries Bangladesh liberation war.
- Mustafa Kemal is given Atatürk surname by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as a recognization of his being the Father of the Nation.
- Peter I of Russia was granted the title of Father of the Fatherland (Отец Отечества) in 1721 by the Senate of Russian Empire, together with the title of emperor.
- Sun Yat-sen is officially the "Father of the Nation" (Chinese language: 國父) in the Republic of China; in mainland China he is officially referred to as "Father of Modern China", but also commonly "Father of the Nation".
- Willem van Oranje is considered as the Father of the Nation in The Netherlands.
- Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor is considered as the Father of the Fatherland (Otec vlasti) as one of the most eminent rulers in the Czech Republic history.
- Josip Broz Tito was considered by the Yugoslav people as the Father of the Nation in Yugoslavia.
- Rembrandt Peale's portrait of George Washington, which is displayed in the Old Senate Chamber in the US Capitol, identifies Washington as "Patriae Pater."
See also